Japan's population as of February 2015, a total population of 126.97 million people，it become the first ten big country in the world's population. In the 20th century, due to Japan entered the industrialization society, reduced fertility, improve medical conditions; And Japan has always been to the immigration control is very strict, lead to Japan to become the world's one of the countries with high levels of population ageing , Japan is also one of the countries with the highest average life expectancy at the same time. Although the Japanese population has showed a trend of decline, but there are still very promote the idea of living collectively.
Kyodo no Mori (“Forest of Kyodo”)-
On average, each unit is about 970 sq. ft. each. Most units are owned by residents, as opposed to rented. Shared space includes the outdoor space in the ground-floor courtyard, a second-floor terrace and a rooftop garden . This project, incidentally, was one of Japan’s first cooperative housing community.TOKYO.
“Then from around the beginning of the new century, realtors began offering space in unoccupied houses or refurbished company dormitories,” he continues. “One reason for the rapid increase is that people are getting married from a later age, or not marrying at all. After graduation from school, the time from which they start to make a family has been extended, and rather than spend a long period living alone, more young people are showing a preference to live with others.”The trend is borne out by figures from Hitsuji Fudosan, a realtor that carries the largest number of “share houses” on its site. From 25 in 2000, the number of listed houses rose to 982 in 2011.
Experimentation is leading to new variations on the theme. In Shibuya, Tokyo, an artists’ colony called “Shibu House,” accommodates more than 20 individuals—about one third of who are female—in a 150 square meter 4LDK house. The mostly 20-ish residents have no private space at all and at night people just flop in the living room and “Some people don’t come home from work at night so there’s always enough room to sleep,” a 29-year-old resident relates. “Anyway the total cost for rent and utilities comes to about 800,000 yen per month, so split 20 ways, that’s only 40,000 yen per person. We’re planning to boost the number of residents to 32 from April, and that will bring the rent down to even less.”
Considering how expensive housing is in Japan, foreigners just off the boat tend to be surprised that there isn’t more communal living going on.
The main appeal is economic, but the real draw is social, especially among women who don’t feel safe living by themselves in one-room apartments in the city. Share houses offer privacy with the option of interpersonal interaction. The model for this kind of living is Share Place Gotanno in Adachi Ward, Tokyo. Formerly a company dormitory (most share rooms are), the building has been converted by the Tokyo Electric-affiliated housing renovation company ReBita into 45 rooms centered around a living and dining area that is the equivalent in size to three households’ worth. Consequently, the kitchen has three large refrigerators. Each bedroom is the size of about seven tatami mats and includes an air conditioner, a bed, a desk, and a storage unit. The monthly rent is from ¥58,000 to ¥63,000, there’s a “management fee” of ¥13,500, and a ¥50,000 deposit (¥30,000 refundable) is required. There’s also a ¥36,000 “processing fee” and a one-time insurance fee of ¥8,000. Foreigners are welcome.
In conclusion, the main reason of collective living is because of the population in Japan and they would like to save money. The people don't have ability to buy a house and they consider to living collectively with others to save more money. On the other hand , they are limited housing in Japan and some people especially young people are obliged to rent a house which is sharing a house with others then can cut down the rental. Besides, women who don’t feel safe living by themselves in one-room apartments in the city also choose collective living. Otherwise, In addition， any case Japanese landlords tend to frown on renting out properties to multiple persons if those persons are not married or otherwise related. But sometime the people live together and there have leadership roles may naturally exist in collective living. Although leadership roles may naturally exist in a co-housing community, no one person or persons have authority over others. Decisions are made by consensus.
bibliography
http://www.japantoday.com/category/kuchikomi/view/more-young-people-try-communal-living-in-share-houses
http://blog.japantimes.co.jp/yen-for-living/communal-living-isnt-just-for-foreigners-anymore/
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